A. Aboliziun dal dretg civil chantunal
Cun l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil èn abolidas tut las disposiziuns da dretg civil dals chantuns, nun ch’il dretg federal prevesia insatge auter.
B. Disposiziuns chantunalas cumplementaras
I. Dretgs ed obligaziuns dals chantuns
1 Ils chantuns decreteschan las disposiziuns ch’èn previsas per cumplettar il nov Cudesch civil, en spezial en quai che concerna la cumpetenza da las autoritads e l’organisaziun dals uffizis da stadi civil, dals uffizis d’avugadia1 e dal register funsil.
2 Uschenavant ch’il dretg nov dovra, per pudair vegnir applitgà, necessariamain ina cumplettaziun tras disposiziuns chantunalas, èn ils chantuns obligads da decretar talas; els pon far quai ad interim tras ordinaziuns.2
3 Las disposiziuns chantunalas davart il dretg da register ston vegnir approvadas da la Confederaziun.3
4 Las ulteriuras disposiziuns chantunalas ston vegnir suttamessas a l’Uffizi federal da giustia per laschar prender enconuschientscha.4
1 Oz: autoritads per la protecziun da creschids (guardar art. 440).
2 Versiun tenor la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
3 Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008 (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
4 Integrà tras la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333). Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008 (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
II. Ordinaziuns substitutivas da la Confederaziun
1 Sch’in chantun n’ha betg decretà ad uras las disposiziuns necessarias, decretescha il Cussegl federal quellas provisoricamain empè dal chantun, annunziond quai a l’Assamblea federala.
2 Sch’in chantun na decretescha betg in’ordinaziun cumplettanta en ina chaussa, nua ch’ina tala n’è betg absolutamain necessaria, vegnan applitgadas las prescripziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
C. Designaziun da las autoritads cumpetentas
1 Nua ch’il nov Cudesch civil discurra d’ina autoritad cumpetenta, decidan ils chantuns, tge autoritad ch’exista gia u che sto anc vegnir creada, che duai esser cumpetenta.
2 Nua che la lescha na discurra betg expressivamain dal derschader u d’ina autoritad administrativa, èn ils chantuns libers da designar sco cumpetenta in’autoritad giudiziala u administrativa.
3 Tant enavant ch’il Cudesch da procedura civila dals 19 da december 20081 n’è betg applitgabel, reglan ils chantuns la procedura.2
11. Transfurmaziun da la spezia da la brev ipotecara
Il proprietari d’in bain immobigliar e las persunas che han in dretg sin il bain immobigliar pon pretender cuminaivlamain en scrit ch’ina brev ipotecara sin palpiri, ch’è vegnida inscritta avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20092, vegnia transfurmada en ina brev ipotecara registrada.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2 AS 2011 4637
VII. Pegns movibels
1. Furma
1 A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil pon ils pegns movibels vegnir constituids mo en las furmas che vegnan previsas da quel.
2 Pegns movibels ch’èn vegnids constituids avant quest mument e tenor in’autra furma extinguan suenter 6 mais dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov, sch’il termin da pajament era gia scrudà, ed en cas ch’il termin scroda pli tard, a partir dal mument ch’el scroda u a partir dal mument che la pretensiun po vegnir disditga.
2. Effects
1 Ils effects dal pegn movibel, ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dal creditur da pegn, da l’impegnader u dal debitur da pegn sa drizzan tenor il nov Cudesch civil a partir dal mument ch’el è entrà en vigur, e quai er, sch’il pegn è vegnì constituì gia avant il mument da l’entrada en vigur.
2 In contract da scadenza dal pegn a favur dal creditur ch’è vegnì fatg avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, daventa nunvalaivel a partir da quest mument.
VIII. Dretg da retenziun
1 Il dretg da retenziun tenor il nov Cudesch civil s’extenda er sin talas chaussas ch’èn vegnidas en ils mauns dal creditur avant sia entrada en vigur.
2 Il creditur po far valair quest dretg er per pretensiuns ch’èn naschidas avant quest mument.
3 Ils dretgs da retenziun ch’èn naschids pli baud èn – en quai che concerna lur effects – suttamess a las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
IX. Possess
Il possess è suttamess al dretg nov a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur.
X. Register funsil
1. Introducziun dal register funsil
1 Suenter avair tadlà ils chantuns fixescha il Cussegl federal il plan general per introducir il register funsil. Questa cumpetenza po el transferir al departament u a l’uffizi cumpetent.1
1 Versiun tenor la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Mesiraziun uffiziala
a. ...
...
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
b. Relaziun cun il register funsil
1 Per regla duai la mesiraziun preceder l’introducziun dal register funsil.
2 Cun il consentiment dal Cussegl federal po il register funsil gia vegnir constituì pli baud, sch’i èn avant maun registers dals bains immobigliars ch’èn precis avunda.
c. Temp da la realisaziun
2 La mesiraziun e l’introducziun dal register funsil pon vegnir realisadas ina suenter l’autra per ils singuls districts d’in chantun.
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Inscripziun dals dretgs reals
a. Procedura
1 A chaschun da l’introducziun dal register funsil duain vegnir inscrits ils dretgs reals ch’existan gia da quel temp.
2 Per quest intent sto vegnir decretà in clom public cun l’invitaziun d’annunziar e da laschar inscriver quests dretgs.
3 Ils dretgs reals ch’èn inscrits en registers publics tenor il dretg vegl, vegnan transferids d’uffizi en il register funsil, uschenavant ch’els pon vegnir constituids tenor il dretg nov.
b. Consequenzas, sche l’inscripziun vegn tralaschada
1 Ils dretgs reals tenor il dretg vegl che na vegnan betg inscrits mantegnan bain lur valaivladad, els na pon dentant betg vegnir fatgs valair vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.
2 Igl è resalvà a la legislaziun federala u chantunala da declerar tut ils dretgs reals che n’èn betg vegnids inscrits en il register funsil sco abolids a partir d’in tschert termin, suenter ch’igl è vegnì decretà in clom public.
3 Las grevezzas funsilas da dretg public e las ipotecas legalas da dretg chantunal ch’èn resultadas avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20091 e che n’èn betg inscrittas pon vegnir fatgas valair anc durant 10 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da la midada vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.2
1 AS 2011 4637
2 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
4. Dretgs reals abolids
1 Dretgs reals che na pon betg pli vegnir constituids tenor il dretg dal register funsil, sco per exempel la proprietad da bostga sin terren ester, dretgs da pegns da giudida e dretgs sumegliants, na vegnan betg inscrits en il register funsil; els ston dentant vegnir remartgads en quel en moda opportuna.
2 Sch’els èn ids a perder per in motiv u l’auter, na pon els betg pli vegnir constituids da nov.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra IV da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Spustament da l’introducziun dal register funsil
1 Cun l’autorisaziun dal Cussegl federal pon ils chantuns spustar d’introducir il register funsil tenor las prescripziuns dal nov Cudesch civil, uschespert che las furmas dal dretg chantunal, cun u senza cumplettaziuns, paran dad esser suffizientas per garantir ils effects dal register funsil en il senn dal dretg nov.
2 En quest cas stoi vegnir fixà exactamain, cun tge furmas dal dretg chantunal ch’ils effects dal dretg nov duain esser colliads.
6. Entrada en vigur dal dretg real avant il register funsil
Il dretg real dal nov Cudesch civil entra generalmain en vigur er senza ch’ils registers funsils sajan vegnids constituids.
7. Effects da furmas chantunalas
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur dal dretg real ed avant l’introducziun dal register funsil pon ils chantuns designar las furmas, a las qualas ils effects dal register funsil vegnan attribuids immediatamain (omologaziun, inscripziun en registers da bains immobigliars, d’ipotecas u da servituts).
2 Ils chantuns pon fixar che questas furmas possedan er senza u avant l’introducziun dal register funsil ils effects ch’èn colliads cun tal e che concernan la constituziun, il transferiment, la midada e l’extincziun dals dretgs reals.
3 Effects dal register funsil a favur da terzas persunas da buna fai n’existan percunter betg avant ch’il register funsil è vegnì introducì u avant ch’in auter institut è vegnì declerà sco equivalent.
F. Surannaziun
1 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli lung ch’il dretg vegl, vala il dretg nov, uschenavant che la surannaziun tenor il dretg vertent n’è betg anc entrada.
2 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli curt, vala il dretg vegl.
3 L’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov n’ha nagins effects sin il cumenzament d’ina surannaziun currenta, nun che la lescha disponia insatge auter.
4 Dal rest vala il dretg nov per la surannaziun a partir dal mument ch’el entra en vigur.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da zer. 2018 (revisiun dal dretg da surannaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
G. Furmas da contract
Contracts ch’èn vegnids fatgs avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil restan valaivels, er sche lur furma na correspunda betg a las prescripziuns dal dretg nov.
11. Conversion the form of the mortgage certificate
The landowner and the mortgage certificate creditors may jointly request in writing that a mortgage certificate on paper recorded before the amendment of 11 December 20092 comes into force be converted into a register mortgage certificate.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2AS 2011 4637
VII. Charges on chattels
1. Provisions on form
1 From the date on which the Code comes into force, charges on chattels may only be created in the forms provided for herein.
2 Where a charge on chattels has been created in another form before this time, it is extinguished after a period of six months which begins to run if the debt is due for payment from the date on which the new law comes into force and in other cases from the date on which it becomes due for payment or when termination is permitted.
2. Effect
1 The effects of the charge on chattels, the rights and obligations of the pledgee, of the pledger and of the pledge debtor are governed from the date on which this Code comes into force by the new law, even if the charge was created before that date.
2 An agreement stipulating that the pledged chattel will become the property of the pledgee in the event of default on the part of the debtor that is concluded before this Code comes into force ceases to be valid from that date.
VIII. Special lien
1 A special lien under this Code also extends to objects that were subject to the power of disposal of the creditor before this Code comes into force.
2 It may also be exercised by the creditors in respect of claims that originated before this date.
3 The effect of special liens originating at an earlier date is subject to the provisions of this Code.
IX. Possession
When this Code comes into force, possession becomes subject to the new law.
X. Land register
1. Establishment of the land register
1 After consulting the cantons, the Federal Council shall draw up a plan for the introduction of the land register. It may delegate this responsibility to the competent department or office.1
1 Amended by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Official cadastral survey
a. ...
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817)
b. Relation to the land register
1 As a general rule, the surveying should precede the establishment of the land register.
2 With consent of the Confederation, however, the land register may be established beforehand if adequate descriptions of the properties are available.
c. Time schedule
2 The surveying and the introduction of the land register may be carried out successively for the indivaidual districts of a canton.
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Registration of rights in rem
a. Procedure
1 On the introduction of the land register, rights in rem that already exist shall be recorded in the register.
2 For this purpose, an announcement must be made to the public requesting them to give notice of and register these rights.
3 Rights in rem registered under the previous law in public books shall, provided they may be created under the new law, be entered ex officio in the land register.
b. Consequences of non-registration
1 Rights in rem under the previous law that are not registered remain valid but may not be cited in opposition to third parties who rely in good faith on the land register.
2 The Confederation or the cantons may however enact legislation to have all rights in rem that are not recorded in the land register declared invalid after a specific date subject to prior notice.
3 Unregistered public law real burdens and statutory liens under cantonal law created before the amendment of 11 December 20091 comes into force may for a period of ten years from the date on which the amendment comes into force be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
4. Abolished rights
1 Rights in rem that may no longer be established under the land register law such as the ownership of trees on another person's land, liens on usufructs and suchlike are not recorded in the land register but must be noted in an appropriate manner.
2 If such rights have lapsed for whatever reason, they may not be re-established.
1 Amended by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Postponement in the introduction of the land register
1 The introduction of the land register in accordance with the provisions of this Code may be postponed by the cantons with the authorisation of the Federal Council provided the cantonal provisions on forms of notice, with or without amendments appear to be sufficient to guarantee the effects that the new law requires of the land register.
2 The forms of notice under cantonal law that are intended to guarantee the effects required by the new law must be precisely specified.
6. Introduction of the property law before the land register
The property law under this Code in general comes into force even if the land registers have not been established.
7. Effect of cantonal forms
1 When the property law comes into force and before the introduction of the land register, the cantons may designate the procedures, such those for drawing up documents or registration in the registers for land, liens and servitudes, that will immediately have the effect of being recorded in the land register.
2 Even without or before the introduction of the land register, it may be provided that these procedures have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in the case of the creation, transfer, modification and extinction of rights in rem.
3 However, in the event that the land register itself is not introduced or another equivalent institution established, these procedures do not have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in relation to third parties relying thereon in good faith.
F. Prescription
1 Where the new law specifies a longer period than the previous law, the new law applies, provided prescription has not yet taken effect under the previous law.
2 Where the new law specifies a shorter period, the previous law applies.
3 The entry into force of the new law does not change the date on which an ongoing prescriptive period began, unless the law provides otherwise.
4 Otherwise, the new law governs prescription from the time it comes into force.
1 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 15 June 2018 (Revision of the Law on Prescription), in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
II. Electronic copies and legalisations
1 The cantons may authorise the authenticating officials to make electronic copies of the public deeds that they issue.
2 They may also authorise the authenticating officials to certify electronically that the electronic copies that they create correspond to the original documents on paper and that the signatures are genuine.
3 The authenticating official must use a qualified electronic signature based on a qualified certificate from a recognised provider of certification services in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 20162 on Electronic Signatures.3
4 The Federal Council shall issue implementing provisions that guarantee the interoperability of computer systems and the integrity, authenticity and security of the data.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2 SR 943.03
3 Amended by Annex No II 3 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).
E. Allocation of water rights
Until such time as federal law regulates the allocation of water rights, the following provision applies:
Rights to public waters may be recorded in the land register as distinct and permanent rights, provided they have been granted for at least 30 years or indefinitely and are not allocated to a dominant property in the form of an easement.
F.–H. ...
1 Repealed by Art. 53 para. 1 item b of the FA of 8 Nov. 1934 on Banks and Savings Banks, with effect from 1 March 1935 (AS 51 117; BS 10 337; BBl 1934 I 171).
J. Debt enforcement and bankruptcy
When this Code comes into force, the Federal Act of 11 April 18892 on Debt enforcement and Bankruptcy is amended as follows:
...3
1 Last four articles renumbered owing to revocation of the original Art. 58 and 59, in accordance with No I of the Code of Obligations transitional provisions, in force since 1 Jan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BS 2 199; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 SR 281.1
3 For text, see the federal act referred to. For the wording of Art. 132bis, 141 para. 3 and 258 para. 4, see AS 24 233 Final Title Art. 60.
K. Application of Swiss and foreign law
1 The Federal Act of 25 June 18912 on the Civil Law Status of Immigrants and Temporary Residents remains in force in respect of the legal status of Swiss nationals abroad and of foreigners in Switzerland and insofar as different laws apply in the cantons.
3 The following provisions are inserted in the Federal Act of 25 June 1891:
Art. 7a–7i
...
1 Last four articles renumbered owing to revocation of the original Art. 58 and 59, in accordance with No I of the Code of Obligations transitional provisions, in force since 1 Jan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BS 2 199; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 [BS 2 737; AS 1972 2819 II 1, 1977 237 II 1, 1986 122 II 1. AS 1988 1776 Annex No I para. a]. See current IPLA of 18 Dec. 1987 (SR 291).
3 Repealed by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, with effect from 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
L. Repeal of federal civil law
1 When this Code comes into force, any provisions of federal civil law which contradict it are repealed.
2 In particular, the following are repealed: the Federal Act of 24 December 18742 on the Determination and Documentation of Civil Status and Marriage; the Federal Act of 22 June 18813 on Personal Capacity to Act; the Federal Act of 14 June 18814 on the Code of Obligations.
3 The special acts concerning the railways, steamships, the post, telegraph and telephone services, the seizure and compulsory liquidation of railways, the laws relating to factory employment and liability arising from the operation of factories and other enterprises, and all federal laws on matters governed by the Code of Obligations which have been enacted to supplement the Federal Act of 14 June 1881 on the Code of Obligations, remain in force.
A. Repeal of cantonal civil law
On commencement of the Civil Code, cantonal civil law provisions are repealed unless federal law provides otherwise.
B. Supplementary cantonal provisions
I. Rights and duties of the cantons
1 The cantons shall enact the provisions required to supplement the Civil Code, including in particular those governing the competent authorities1 and the establishment of civil registries, guardianship authorities and land registries.
2 The cantons shall enact any such supplementary provisions as are required to implement the Civil Code and may do so provisionally in the form of ordinances.2
3 Cantonal provisions on register law require federal approval.3
4 Notice of cantonal provisions on other matters must be given to the Federal Office of Justice.4
1 Presently the Adult protection authority (see Art. 440).
2 Amended by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
3 Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
4 Inserted by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333). Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
II. Substitute ordinances
1 Where a canton has failed to enact the necessary provisions in time, the Federal Council shall provisionally enact substitute ordinances and notify the Federal Assembly.
2 Where a canton refrains from exercising its powers in respect of matters for which supplementary legislation is not indispensable, the provisions of the Civil Code remain applicable.
C. Designation of competent authorities
1 Where the Civil Code makes reference to a competent authority, the cantons shall designate such authority, be it existing or yet to be created.
2 Where the Civil Code does not make express reference to a court or an administrative authority, the cantons may designate either as the competent authority.
3 Unless the Civil Procedure Code of 19 December 20081 applies, the cantons regulate proceedings.2
1 SR 272
2 Amended by Annex 1 No II 3 of the Civil Procedure Code of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221).
D. Public deeds
I. In general1
1 The cantons shall regulate the manner in which public deeds are drawn up on their territory.
2 They enact provisions for the drawing up of public deeds in foreign languages.
1 Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
