c. Correction of the land registers
In order to make the converted condominium subject to the new regulations and to register existing condominium, the cantons may order the correction of the land registers and issue special procedural regulations for this purpose.
1 Inserted by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
V. Easements
1 The easements created before this Code comes into force remain valid following the introduction of the land register even if not registered, but until registered may not be enforced against third parties acting in good faith.
2 Obligations ancillary to easements that were established before the amendment of 11 December 20091 came into force and which are based solely on land register supporting documents may continue to be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
VI. Mortgage rights
1. Recognition of the existing document of title
1 Documents of title existing when this Code comes into force remain in force without having to be adapted to the new law.
2 The cantons have the right to require new versions of existing documents of title to be drawn up on the basis of the new law within specific time limits.
2. Creation of liens
1 After this Code comes into force, new mortgage rights may only be created in the forms recognised herein.
2 Until the introduction of the land register, the previous cantonal legal forms for their creation remain valid.
3. Repayment of securities
1 The repayment and modification the title, release from liability under a lien and suchlike are subject to the new provisions following the commencement of the new law.
2 However, until the introduction of the land register, the forms are governed by cantonal law.
4. Extent of liability under the lien
1 In the case of all mortgage rights, the extent of liability under the lien is determined by the new law.
2 However, if by virtue of a special agreement the creditor has validly received certain objects with the property pledged, the lien continues to apply to these objects even if they could not be pledged under the new law.
5. Rights and obligations from the mortgage
a. In general
1 The rights and obligations of the creditor and of the debtor in relation to the contractual effect of liens existing when this Code comes into force are governed by the previous law.
2 In relation to effects that arise by operation of the law which cannot be modified contractually, the new law also applies to existing liens.
3 If the lien applies to two or more parcels of land, liability under the lien continues to be governed by the previous law.
b. Rights to security
The rights of the lien creditor during the existing legal relationship, such as rights to security, and the rights of the debtor are governed by the new law in relation to all liens from the time at which this Code comes into force.
c. Termination, transfer
For liens existing when this Code comes into force, the termination of the secured debts and the transfer the document of title are governed by the previous law, subject to the reservation of the mandatory provisions of the new law.
6. Ranking
1 Until the introduction of the land register, the ranking of liens is governed by the previous law.
2 Following the introduction of the land register, the ranking of creditors is governed by the land register law contained in this Code.
7. Ranking positions
1 In relation to a fixed ranking position or the right of a creditor to claim a vacant position or an advancement in ranking, the new law applies on the introduction of the land register and in every case from five years after this Code comes into force, subject to the reservation of creditors' existing special claims.
2 The cantons may enact further transitional provisions.1
1 Amended by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on the Approval of Cantonal Legislation by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
8. ...
1 Repealed by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), with effect from 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
11. Conversion the form of the mortgage certificate
The landowner and the mortgage certificate creditors may jointly request in writing that a mortgage certificate on paper recorded before the amendment of 11 December 20092 comes into force be converted into a register mortgage certificate.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2AS 2011 4637
VII. Charges on chattels
1. Provisions on form
1 From the date on which the Code comes into force, charges on chattels may only be created in the forms provided for herein.
2 Where a charge on chattels has been created in another form before this time, it is extinguished after a period of six months which begins to run if the debt is due for payment from the date on which the new law comes into force and in other cases from the date on which it becomes due for payment or when termination is permitted.
2. Effect
1 The effects of the charge on chattels, the rights and obligations of the pledgee, of the pledger and of the pledge debtor are governed from the date on which this Code comes into force by the new law, even if the charge was created before that date.
2 An agreement stipulating that the pledged chattel will become the property of the pledgee in the event of default on the part of the debtor that is concluded before this Code comes into force ceases to be valid from that date.
VIII. Special lien
1 A special lien under this Code also extends to objects that were subject to the power of disposal of the creditor before this Code comes into force.
2 It may also be exercised by the creditors in respect of claims that originated before this date.
3 The effect of special liens originating at an earlier date is subject to the provisions of this Code.
IX. Possession
When this Code comes into force, possession becomes subject to the new law.
X. Land register
1. Establishment of the land register
1 After consulting the cantons, the Federal Council shall draw up a plan for the introduction of the land register. It may delegate this responsibility to the competent department or office.1
1 Amended by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Official cadastral survey
a. ...
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817)
b. Relation to the land register
1 As a general rule, the surveying should precede the establishment of the land register.
2 With consent of the Confederation, however, the land register may be established beforehand if adequate descriptions of the properties are available.
c. Time schedule
2 The surveying and the introduction of the land register may be carried out successively for the individual districts of a canton.
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Registration of rights in rem
a. Procedure
1 On the introduction of the land register, rights in rem that already exist shall be recorded in the register.
2 For this purpose, an announcement must be made to the public requesting them to give notice of and register these rights.
3 Rights in rem registered under the previous law in public books shall, provided they may be created under the new law, be entered ex officio in the land register.
b. Consequences of non-registration
1 Rights in rem under the previous law that are not registered remain valid but may not be cited in opposition to third parties who rely in good faith on the land register.
2 The Confederation or the cantons may however enact legislation to have all rights in rem that are not recorded in the land register declared invalid after a specific date subject to prior notice.
3 Unregistered public law real burdens and statutory liens under cantonal law created before the amendment of 11 December 20091 comes into force may for a period of ten years from the date on which the amendment comes into force be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
4. Abolished rights
1 Rights in rem that may no longer be established under the land register law such as the ownership of trees on another person's land, liens on usufructs and suchlike are not recorded in the land register but must be noted in an appropriate manner.
2 If such rights have lapsed for whatever reason, they may not be re-established.
1 Amended by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Postponement in the introduction of the land register
1 The introduction of the land register in accordance with the provisions of this Code may be postponed by the cantons with the authorisation of the Federal Council provided the cantonal provisions on forms of notice, with or without amendments appear to be sufficient to guarantee the effects that the new law requires of the land register.
2 The forms of notice under cantonal law that are intended to guarantee the effects required by the new law must be precisely specified.
6. Introduction of the property law before the land register
The property law under this Code in general comes into force even if the land registers have not been established.
7. Effect of cantonal forms
1 When the property law comes into force and before the introduction of the land register, the cantons may designate the procedures, such those for drawing up documents or registration in the registers for land, liens and servitudes, that will immediately have the effect of being recorded in the land register.
2 Even without or before the introduction of the land register, it may be provided that these procedures have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in the case of the creation, transfer, modification and extinction of rights in rem.
3 However, in the event that the land register itself is not introduced or another equivalent institution established, these procedures do not have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in relation to third parties relying thereon in good faith.
F. Prescription
1 Where the new law specifies a longer period than the previous law, the new law applies, provided prescription has not yet taken effect under the previous law.
2 Where the new law specifies a shorter period, the previous law applies.
3 The entry into force of the new law does not change the date on which an ongoing prescriptive period began, unless the law provides otherwise.
4 Otherwise, the new law governs prescription from the time it comes into force.
1 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 15 June 2018 (Revision of the Law on Prescription), in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
10. Continued application of previous law to existing forms of lien
1 Land charge certificates and mortgage certificates issued in series remain recorded in the land register.
2 They remain governed by the provisions of the previous law.
3 Cantonal law may provide for the conversion of land charge certificates created under federal law or earlier law into forms of lien under the current law. Conversion may also involve the introduction of personal liability for the owner of the mortgaged property for minor sums.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
c. Épuration des registres fonciers
En vue de soumettre à la loi nouvelle les propriétés par étages transformées et d’inscrire les propriétés par étages originaires, les cantons peuvent prescrire l’épuration des registres fonciers et édicter à cet effet des dispositions de procédure spéciales.
1 Introduit par le ch. IV de la LF du 19 déc. 1963, en vigueur depuis le 1er janv. 1965 (RO 1964 989; FF 1962 II 1445).
V. Servitudes foncières
1 Les servitudes foncières établies avant l’entrée en vigueur du code civil subsistent sans inscription après l’introduction du registre foncier, mais ne peuvent être opposées aux tiers de bonne foi qu’à partir du moment où elles ont été inscrites.
2 Les obligations liées accessoirement à des servitudes qui ont été créées avant l’entrée en vigueur de la modification du 11 décembre 20091 et qui n’apparaissent que dans les pièces justificatives au registre foncier restent opposables aux tiers de bonne foi.2
1RO 2011 4637
2 Introduit par le ch. I 2 de la LF du 11 déc. 2009 (Cédule hypothécaire de registre et droits réels), en vigueur depuis le 1er janv. 2012 (RO 2011 4637; FF 2007 5015).
VI. Gage immobilier
1. Reconnaissance des titres hypothécaires actuels
1 Les titres hypothécaires existant avant l’entrée en vigueur du présent code sont reconnus, sans qu’il soit nécessaire de les modifier dans le sens de la loi nouvelle.
2 Les cantons ont néanmoins la faculté de prescrire que les titres hypothécaires actuels seront dressés à nouveau, dans un délai déterminé, conformément aux dispositions du présent code.
2. Constitution de droits de gage
1 Les gages immobiliers constitués après l’entrée en vigueur du code civil ne peuvent l’être que suivant les formes admises par la loi nouvelle.
2 Les formes prévues par les anciennes lois cantonales restent applicables jusqu’à l’introduction du registre foncier.
3. Titres acquittés
1 L’acquittement ou la modification d’un titre, le dégrèvement et d’autres opérations analogues sont régis par la loi nouvelle dès son entrée en vigueur.
2 Les formes à observer demeurent soumises au droit cantonal jusqu’à l’introduction du registre foncier.
4. Étendue du gage
1 L’étendue de la charge hypothécaire se détermine, pour tous les gages immobiliers, conformément à la loi nouvelle.
2 Toutefois, lorsque certains objets ont été par convention spéciale valablement affectés de gage avec l’immeuble grevé, cette affectation n’est pas modifiée par la loi nouvelle, même si lesdits objets ne pouvaient être engagés dans ces conditions à teneur du code civil.
5. Droits et obligations dérivant du gage immobilier
a. En général
1 En tant qu’ils sont de nature contractuelle, les droits et obligations du créancier et du débiteur se règlent conformément à la loi ancienne pour les gages immobiliers existant lors de l’entrée en vigueur du présent code.
2 La loi nouvelle est au contraire applicable aux effets juridiques qui naissent de plein droit et qui ne peuvent être modifiés par convention.
3 Si le gage porte sur plusieurs immeubles, ceux-ci demeurent grevés en conformité de la loi ancienne.
b. Mesures conservatoires
Les droits du créancier pendant la durée du gage, spécialement la faculté de prendre des mesures conservatoires, sont régis par la loi nouvelle, pour tous les gages immobiliers, à compter de l’entrée en vigueur du code civil; il en est de même des droits du débiteur.
c. Dénonciation, transfert
La dénonciation des créances garanties par des gages immobiliers et le transfert des titres sont régis par la loi ancienne pour tous les droits de gage constitués avant l’entrée en vigueur du présent code; demeurent réservées les règles impératives de la loi nouvelle.
6. Rang
1 Jusqu’à l’immatriculation des immeubles dans le registre foncier, le rang des gages immobiliers se règle selon la loi ancienne.
2 Après l’introduction du registre foncier, le rang sera déterminé en conformité du présent code.
7. Case hypothécaire
1 Les règles du code civil sur la case fixe et sur le droit du créancier postérieur de profiter des cases libres sont applicables dès l’introduction du registre foncier et, dans tous les cas, cinq ans après l’entrée en vigueur du code; les droits particuliers garantis au créancier demeurent réservés.
2 Les cantons peuvent établir des dispositions transitoires complémentaires.1
1 Nouvelle teneur selon le ch. II 21 de la LF du 15 déc. 1989 relative à l’approbation d’actes législatifs des cantons par la Confédération, en vigueur depuis le 1er fév. 1991 (RO 1991 362; FF 1988 II 1293).
8. ...
1 Abrogés par le ch. I 2 de la LF du 11 déc. 2009 (Cédule hypothécaire de registre et droits réels), avec effet au 1er janv. 2012 (RO 2011 4637; FF 2007 5015).
9. Assimilation entre droits de gage de l’ancienne et de la nouvelle loi
1 Les lois introductives du code civil dans les cantons peuvent prescrire, d’une manière générale ou à certains égards, que telle forme de gage de la loi ancienne est assimilée à l’une des formes de la loi nouvelle.
2 Le présent code s’applique dès son entrée en vigueur aux gages immobiliers pour lesquels l’assimilation a été prévue.
1 Abrogé par le ch. II 21 de la LF du 15 déc. 1989 relative à l’approbation d’actes législatifs des cantons par la Confédération, avec effet au 1er fév. 1991 (RO 1991 362; FF 1988 II 1293).
