e. Creditor’s duty of diligence and duty to release documents and pledges
1 Where the liens and other securities and preferential rights furnished when the contract of surety is concluded or subsequently obtained from the principal debtor for the specific purpose of securing the claim under surety are reduced by the creditor to the detriment of the surety, the latter’s liability is decreased by an equal amount unless it can be proven that the damage is less. Claims for restitution of the over-paid amount are unaffected.
2 Moreover, in the case of contracts of surety for the performance of official and civil service obligations, the creditor is liable to the surety if, as a result of his failure to supervise the employee as required or to act with the diligence that could reasonably be expected of him, the obligation arose or increased to an extent that it would not have otherwise reached.1
3 On being satisfied by the surety, the creditor is required to furnish him with such documents and information as are required to exercise his rights. The creditor must also release to him the liens and other securities furnished when the contract of surety was concluded or subsequently obtained from the principal debtor for the specific purpose of securing the claim under surety or must take the requisite measures to facilitate their transfer. This does not apply to liens and rights of pledge held by the creditor in relation to other claims where they take precedence over those of the surety.
4 Where the creditor refuses without just cause to take such measures or has alienated the available evidence or the pledges and other securities for which he is responsible in bad faith or through gross negligence, the surety is released from his liability. He may demand the return of sums already paid and seek compensation for any further damage incurred.
1 Amended by No II Art. 1 No 12 of the FA of 25 June 1971, in force since 1 Jan. 1972 (AS 1971 1465; BBl 1967 II 241). See also the Final and Transitional Provisions of Title X, at the end of this Code.
c. Poursuite de la caution
1 La caution ne peut être contrainte de payer avant le terme fixé pour le paiement de la dette, même si l’exigibilité en est avancée par suite de la faillite du débiteur.
2 Quelle que soit la nature du cautionnement, la caution peut, en fournissant des sûretés d’ordre réel, demander au juge de suspendre la poursuite dirigée contre elle jusqu’à ce que tous les gages aient été réalisés et qu’un acte de défaut de biens définitif ait été délivré contre le débiteur, ou qu’un concordat ait été conclu.
3 Si l’exigibilité de la dette est subordonnée à un avertissement préalable de la part du créancier ou du débiteur, le délai ne court, pour la caution, qu’à partir du jour où l’avertissement lui est signifié.
4 Si le débiteur est domicilié à l’étranger et se trouve dans l’impossibilité de s’acquitter ou ne peut s’exécuter que partiellement en raison de prescriptions de la loi étrangère, par exemple en matière de trafic de compensation ou d’interdiction de transférer des devises, la caution domiciliée en Suisse peut également invoquer cette loi, à moins qu’elle n’y ait renoncé.
